Why do people forget some skills faster than others? What kind of training is most effective at getting people to retain new skills over a longer period of time? Cognitive psychologists address these questions in this volume by analyzing the results of experiments which used a wide variety of perceptual, cognitive and motoric training tasks. Studies reported on include: the Stroop effect; mental calculation; vocabulary retention; contextual interference effects; autobiographical memory; target detection; and specificity and transfer in choice reaction time tasks. Each chapter explores the extent to which reinstatement of training procedures during retention and transfer tests accounts for both durability and specificity of training.
Why do people forget some skills faster than others? What kind of training is most effective at getting people to retain new skills over a longer period of time? Cognitive psychologists address these questions in this volume by analyzing the results of experiments which used a wide variety of perceptual, cognitive and motoric training tasks. Studies reported on include: the Stroop effect; mental calculation; vocabulary retention; contextual interference effects; autobiographical memory; target detection; and specificity and transfer in choice reaction time tasks. Each chapter explores the extent to which reinstatement of training procedures during retention and transfer tests accounts for both durability and specificity of training.
Cities and regions are the foci for many environmental problems such as resource depletion, air and water pollution, and the production of waste, but they also have a central role to play in finding solutions to global environmental problems. It is in cities that people can develop solutions - alternatives to resource-intensive modes of transport, ......
In present-day societies, knowledge is not only the key to the world, but the making of the world. In this broad-ranging analysis of the central role that knowledge plays in our life Nico Stehr critically examines the premises of existing social theory and explores the knowledge relations in advanced societies. The result is a significant new synthesis of social theory. The issues addressed in "Knowledge Societies" include: the process of scientization - the penetration of scientific knowledge not only into production but into most spheres of social action; the transformation of the political system by increasingly knowledgeable citizens; the rise of specific areas of expertise and changes in corresponding institutions based on the deployment of specialised knowledge; a shift in the nature of societal conflict from struggles about the allocation of income and property to claims and conflict about generalized human needs; the emergence of fragility as a basic attribute of modern social organizations. The author does not argue that the transformations of contemporary societies around knowledge lead to any unilinear pattern of change, or to universal shifts to the advantage of specific social groups. But his argument amply demonstrates that all social theories now need to take account of the changing nature of social relations around knowledge, and defines the parameters within which this analysis should take place. This book will be essential reading for all those interested in social theory, sociology of knowledge and science, and the whole issue of knowledge in the late twentieth century,
The critical needs of neglected and abused children are explored in this volume. The author discusses the challenges faced by practitioners who must provide the resources and support to help such vulnerable children anticipate the future with hope and confidence. Topics covered include: professional responsibility; physical, emotional and sexual abuse of children; family support; adoption; and mental health issues. Weisz also examines the complex legal and professional issues surrounding the decision to remove children from parents who abuse or neglect them. The book includes case studies to illustrate the efforts required to coordinate multidisciplinary services whose aim is to achieve long-term positive impact on the children.
The critical needs of neglected and abused children are explored in this volume. The author discusses the challenges faced by practitioners who must provide the resources and support to help such vulnerable children anticipate the future with hope and confidence. Topics covered include: professional responsibility; physical, emotional and sexual abuse of children; family support; adoption; and mental health issues. Weisz also examines the complex legal and professional issues surrounding the decision to remove children from parents who abuse or neglect them. The book includes case studies to illustrate the efforts required to coordinate multidisciplinary services whose aim is to achieve long-term positive impact on the children.
Social development is examined from the dual perspectives of social and developmental psychology in this volume, which offers a multi-level review of the common boundaries between the two subdisciplines. The contributors synthesize research not only from psychology but from other fields such as education, family studies and social work. In so doing, they raise cross-disciplinary questions for the benefit of investigators who are often unaware of work and ideas outside their own specializations. They further show how the different methods used by developmental and social psychologists present unique possibilities for exploring questions of mutual interest.
This book untangles popular beliefs about substance abuse issues from historical, clinical and research evidence to address questions such as: What factors cause teenagers to abuse drugs and alcohol? How much of a role do economic factors and neighbourhoods play? Following an introduction which outlines the social history of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and heroin, the volume examines: individual, family, peer and community variables that contribute to substance misuse; resiliency factors that enable some adolescents to avoid such problems; substance abuse in rural and urban settings; pharmacological effects; and current treatment approaches.
Conversation analysis has contributed enormously to the understanding of social life, social structure, the meaning ascribed by individuals to interaction, and the rules and structures of conversation. George Psathas' succinct introduction outlines its procedures and its major accomplishments, with discussions on verbal sequence, institutional constraints on interaction and the deep structure of talk.
